Ocean-based negative-emissions technologies present many challenges

The ocean will play a key role in efforts to tackle the climate crisis, equal to scientists and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The use of so-called “negative emissions technologies” to enhance stat sequestration and storage in the ocean is increasingly stuff discussed. In a study published in the scientific periodical Frontiers, researchers Lina Röschel and Barbara Neumann – based at The Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) – describe the challenges that these technologies present for both the marine environment and society, and identify cornerstones for their responsible use. The existing regulatory and institutional frameworks for international ocean governance do not provide a comprehensive framework for the governance of these emerging technologies, the authors conclude. Instead, an tideway is needed that integrates foresight mechanisms, considers the potential unintended impacts of these technologies on the ocean, and engages with diverse stakeholders.

According to scientists, the ocean’s topics to remove and store stat dioxide from the undercurrent could be enhanced by various means, including the wing of alkaline substances such as olivine into the upper ocean, for example. This process, moreover known as alkalinization, harnesses chemical processes to yo-yo the geochemistry of seawater and thereby increase the uptake of stat dioxide from the atmosphere. Other potential methods rely on restoring or expanding coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests, which can swizzle and store stat dioxide in underlying sediments.

Unintended impacts could occur far from deployment sites
In their study, which was conducted as part of the EU-funded research project OceanNETs, the RIFS researchers offer an overview of the potential impacts of eight ocean-based negative emissions technologies on the marine environment and ecosystem services. Building on this, they analyse the existing governance framework and the demands that the deployment of these technologies would place on it.

The study moreover examines the potential unintended impacts of the selected technologies. Due to ocean currents, these could unfold far from initial deployment sites. “This speciality must not be unrespected in decision-making processes. What is needed is a broader perspective that considers how the potential impacts of negative emissions technologies will interact with the objectives of existing agreements governing marine environmental protection, biodiversity conservation or plane socio-economic issues relating to sustainable minutiae – in wing to international agreements that explicitly address, promote, or restrict their use,” explains Lina Röschel. The current international governance system, with its diverse agreements and regulations, institutions and responsibilities, is too fragmented to meet the ramified requirements, equal to Röschel.

Foresight key to good governance
According to the researchers, a foresight-oriented tideway is needed in order to comprehensively and powerfully regulate the use of these technologies in the future. “It is important that political, scientific, and societal actors engage with these issues today and develop approaches for the tenancy and regulation of negative emission technologies – plane if they are still under minutiae in many cases, and their potential impacts cannot be precisely quantified,” says co-author Barbara Neumann, who argues that trade-offs should be minimised, and benefits maximized and distributed fairly wideness the globe.

Details of publication: Röschel, L., & Neumann, B. (2023). Ocean-based negative emissions technologies: a governance framework review. Frontiers in Marine Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.995130